ADHD Treatment Medications to Treat ADHD in Children and Adults By Keath Low Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial process Updated on May 20, 2022 Medically reviewed Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Learn more. by Steven Gans, MD Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Fact checked Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Learn more. by Aaron Johnson Fact checked by Aaron Johnson Aaron Johnson is a fact checker and expert on qualitative research design and methodology. Learn about our editorial process Print Paul Bradbury / Getty Images In addition to behavioral therapies, medications for ADHD can be very helpful in reducing impulsiveness and hyperactivity and increasing focus and attention. Let's gain an understanding of the types of prescription medications people with ADHD can use to feel better and improve their symptoms. Stimulants Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and have been found to be very effective in alleviating ADHD symptoms. Stimulants increase the level of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This improves inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity in people with ADHD. While stimulants are the classic medication of choice for ADHD and are approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment in children, many people either cannot tolerate stimulant therapy or don't respond to it. Also, some people respond to one kind of stimulant and not another. Some common side effects of stimulants include: Decreased appetiteInsomniaDizzinessIncreased anxietyIrritability Less common side effects that may occur include: Mild stomachachesNauseaBlurry visionIncrease in blood pressure and heart rateTics Understanding and anticipating these side effects is helpful, as they can affect your adherence or willingness to take the medication. If you do experience any side effects from your stimulant medications, please discuss them with your doctor. Also, be safe and don't stop or change the dosage of your medication without medical guidance. Stimulants can come in a number of forms, like shorter- and longer-acting medications. Extended-release stimulants are those that provide a longer-lasting, continuous level of medication. They dissolve slowly and release the drug over time. Immediate release medications tend to only be effective for three to five hours. Some stimulant medications for ADHD include: Adderall (amphetamine, dextroamphetamine) Concerta or Daytrana (methylphenidate) Desoxyn (methamphetamine) Dexedrine or Zenzedi (dextroamphetamine) Dyanavel XR (amphetamine) Focalin (dexmethylphenidate) Metadate CD, Methylin, Ritalin (methylphenidate) Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) Over-the-Counter (OTC) ADHD Medication Non-Stimulants The FDA approved a non-stimulant medication called Strattera (atomoxetine) for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults in 2002. Strattera is a good option for people who cannot tolerate or take a stimulant medication for their ADHD. It's also a good option for people who are at risk for abuse or dependence on stimulant medications. Similar side effects are seen with Strattera as with the stimulant medications, although they tend to be milder. These include: Loss of appetiteIrritabilitySleep disturbancesDizzinessAbdominal painFatigue Non-Stimulant Medications to Treat ADHD Other Medications Sometimes a person fails to respond to stimulants or Strattera for their ADHD or the side effects are intolerable. In these cases, a doctor may try another medication, like clonidine or guanfacine, which are FDA-approved in the U.S. for treatment in children and adolescents. If a person can tolerate stimulants, clonidine or guanfacine may also be given in addition to a stimulant to increase its effects. In 2021, the FDA also approved a new non-stimulant medication for ADHD for children and adolescents (ages six to 17). Qelbree (viloxazine), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is an extended-release medication. Less commonly, a doctor may prescribe a medication like the antidepressant Wellbutrin (bupropion) to treat ADHD. Bupropion is not formally FDA-approved for treating ADHD. ADHD Medication for Adults What This Means for You ADHD can be effectively treated with behavioral therapies and/or medication. That being said, it's important for individuals on medications for their ADHD to see their doctor on a regular basis. Be sure that your doctor or healthcare professional is experienced specifically with ADHD. This ensures that you'll be getting valuable input from a knowledgeable source who can better answer your questions about different treatment types. ADHD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctor's appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. Medication benefits, side effects, and dosages need to be carefully monitored to ensure your safety and optimization of your health. If you're starting a new medication (or are already on medication) be sure to communicate any side effects, however minor, with your doctor as well. How Long Does It Take for ADHD Medication to Work? 11 Sources Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Bymaster FP, Golembiowska K, Kowalska M, Choi YK, Tarazi FI. Pharmacological characterization of the norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor EB-1020: Implications for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Synapse. 2012;66(6). doi:10.1002/syn.21538 Nageye F, Cortese S. Beyond stimulants: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing novel compounds for ADHD. Expert Rev Neurother. 2019;19(7). doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1628640 Michielsen M, Kleef D, Bijlenga D, et al. Response and side effects using stimulant medication in older adults with ADHD: An observational archive study. J Atten Disord. 2020;25(12). doi:10.1177/1087054720925884 Chang S-C, Shen WW. Stimulants, wakefulness-promoting agents, and nonstimulant attention deficit hyperactivity disorder dedications. J Exp Clin Med. 2013;5(6). doi:10.1016/j.jecm.2013.10.010 Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Dyanavel XR (amphetamine). Food and Drug Administration. Strattera highlights of prescribing information. Bastiaens L, Scott O, Galus J. Treatment of adult ADHD without stimulants: Effectiveness in a dually diagnosed correctional population. Psychiatr Q. 2018;90(1). doi:10.1007/s11126-018-9602-7 Catalá-López F, Hutton B, Núñez-Beltrán A, et al. The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review with network meta-analyses of randomised trials. Gluud C, ed. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180355 Food and Drug Administration. Qelbree highlights of prescribing information. Ng QX. A systematic review of the use of bupropion for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(2). doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0124 Boyer BE, Geurts HM, Prins PJM, Van der Oord S. Two novel CBTs for adolescents with ADHD: the value of planning skills. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;24(9). doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0661-5 Additional Reading De Sousa A, Kalra G. Drug therapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current trends. Mens Sana Monogr. 2012;10(1):45-69. doi:10.4103/0973-1229.87261 National Institute of Mental Health. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Treatment and therapies. By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Review Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit Speak to a Therapist for ADHD Advertiser Disclosure × The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation.