How to Write an APA Format Bibliography

An APA format bibliography is an alphabetical listing of all sources that might be used to write a paper, essay, article or research paper. In some cases, your instructor may require you to hand in a bibliography with your final paper.

Even if it is not a required part of your assignment, writing a bibliography can help you keep track of your sources and make it much easier to create your final reference page in proper APA format.

A bibliography is similar in many ways to a reference section, but there are some important differences. While a reference section includes every source that was actually used in your paper, a bibliography may include sources that you considered using but may have dismissed because they were irrelevant or outdated.

Bibliographies can be a great way to keep track of information that you might want to use in your paper and as a way to organize and keep track of the information that you find in different sources. 

In order to write an APA format bibliography, you should:

Your working bibliography should be kept separate from the rest of your paper. Start it on a new page, with the title “Bibliography” centered at the top.

Compile all of the sources that you might possibly use in your paper. While you may end up not using all of these sources in your paper, having a complete list will make it easier later on when you prepare your reference section.

This can be particularly helpful as your outline and write your paper. By quickly glancing through your working bibliography, you will be able to get a better idea of which sources will be the most appropriate to support your thesis and main points.

Your references should be listed alphabetically by the author’s last name and should be double-spaced. The first line of each reference should be flush left while each additional line of the reference should be a few spaces to the right of the left margin, which is known as a hanging indent.

Normally a bibliography just contains references information, but in some cases, you might decide to create an annotated bibliography. An annotation is a summary or evaluation of the source.

As you read through each source, prepare a brief annotation of approximately 150 words describing the information it contains, your evaluation of its credibility, and how it pertains to your topic. Not only is this step helpful in determining which sources to ultimately use in your paper, you instructor may require it as part of the assignment so he or she can assess your thought process and understanding of your topic.

One of the biggest reasons to create an APA format bibliography is simply to make the research and writing process easier. If you do not have a comprehensive list of all your references, you might find yourself scrambling to figure out where you found certain bits of information that you included in your paper.

While writing an annotated bibliography might not be required for your assignment, it can be a very useful step. The process of writing an annotation helps you learn more about your topic, develop a deeper understanding of the subject, and become better at evaluating various sources of information.

If you are taking a psychology class, you may be asked at some point to create a bibliography as part of the research paper writing process. Even if your instructor does not expressly require a bibliography, creating one can be a useful way to help structure your research and make the writing process easier. For psychology majors, it can be helpful to save any bibliographies you have written over the course of your studies so that you can refer back to them later when studying for exams or writing papers for other psychology courses.