Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Compulsions are a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). At one time or another, we've certainly all double-checked that we locked the front door, knocked on wood to ward off disaster, or adjusted a picture a couple of times until it was hanging perfectly. While most people go about their daily lives without giving these experiences a second thought, if you have OCD, compulsions such as these can take over your life and become a source of disability.

What Are Compulsions?

Behaviors that you repeat over and over again, feel driven to perform in particular ways, or in a response to an obsession are considered compulsions. You might repeatedly check to make sure that the front door is locked or that the stove is turned off. These are behaviors that you feel you must carry out over and over, often for hours on end.

For example, if you are obsessed with contamination, you might wash your hands over and over again. Other common types of compulsions include cleaning, counting, checking, requesting or demanding reassurance, repeating phrases or sequences of words, and ensuring order and symmetry.

Compulsions Are Debilitating and Unrealistic Solutions

Compulsions are aimed at getting rid of your anxiety or to try to stop a situation that you are afraid of from happening, such as the death of a loved one. Of course, compulsions are not connected in a realistic way to the problems they are supposed to prevent. For example, it is unlikely, if not impossible, that folding laundry in a particular way or counting up to a particular number could ever prevent the death of a loved one.

Compulsions are usually so debilitating that you have difficulty keeping up at work or maintaining personal relationships. In addition, although any intimate relationship has its ups and downs, dating someone with OCD who has severe and unmanaged compulsions can present some additional challenges.

Compulsions and OCD Disorders

There are a number of other disorders that are related to OCD that may involve compulsions. For example, people with pathologic skin picking, known as excoriation disorder, feel compelled to pick or dig at their skin to deal with feelings of anxiety, boredom, or some sense of tension that compulsive behavior relieves.

Treatment of Compulsions

Compulsions are treated effectively with medication and/or psychotherapy. Medical treatment of OCD has focused on drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Well-known SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Paxil (paroxetine). Anafranil (clomipramine), a tricyclic antidepressant, also may be used to treat OCD.

Effective psychological treatments for OCD emphasize changes in behavior and/or thoughts. When appropriate, psychotherapy can be done alone or combined with medication. The two main types of psychological therapies for OCD are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP). ERP is particularly effective for treatment of compulsions.