Coping Skills for Borderline Personality Disorder

When you are having an intense emotion, it can be hard to know what to do. If you have borderline personality disorder (BPD), your emotions can be overwhelming.

The symptoms of BPD, including erratic mood shifts, self-harming behaviors, suicidality, intense emotional experiences, sensitivity to problems in your relationships and problems with impulsive behaviors, may all be related to one core feature: emotion dysregulation.

Because of this emotion dysregulation, you may have very strong emotional responses and difficulty managing those responses. Unfortunately, many people with BPD turn to unhealthy behaviors in an attempt to cope with emotional pain, such as violence, self-harm or substance abuse.

Coping skills can help to reduce emotion dysregulation and the other symptoms of BPD.

What Are Coping Skills?

Since emotion dysregulation is such an important feature of BPD, many treatments for BPD emphasize the importance of building coping skills to better manage emotions when they arise. What exactly are coping skills? They are healthier ways of addressing situations and their resulting emotions.

Why Learn New Coping Skills?

Why is it important to learn new, healthier ways of coping? By using healthful coping skills you may:

Reduce the intensity of the emotional distress you feel
Reduce the likelihood that you will do something harmful (e.g., engage in self-harming behaviors) to attempt to escape from the emotional distress
Reduce the likelihood that you will engage in behaviors that destroy relationships (e.g., physical aggression) when you are upset
Improve your ability to be able to continue to function well even when in stressful circumstances
Build confidence in your ability to handle difficult situations
Ultimately reduce your overall experience of emotion dysregulation

There are literally thousands of different coping skills that people use to manage stressful situations and the emotions that result. Here are a few types of coping skills that work for many people.

1

Play Music

A woman dancing to her iPod. — Jordan Siemens/DigitalVision/Getty Images

Play music that creates an emotion that is the opposite of the one you are struggling with. For example, if you are feeling very sad, play happy, upbeat music. If you are feeling anxious, play slow, relaxing music.

Mother and daughter on nature walk — Cultura RM Exclusive/JAG IMAGES/Cultura Exclusive/Getty Images

This coping skill is sometimes referred to as "behavioral activation." Engage in a highly engaging activity. Television or computer activities do not count here—these are too passive. Instead, take a walk, dance, clean your house, or do some other activity that gets you engaged and distracts you from your current emotions.

3

Find Support

Women using Smartphone on the sofa. — Yagi Studio/DigitalVision/Getty Images

Reaching out to others can really help when you are struggling with strong emotions. Call a supportive friend or family member. If you don’t have someone in mind that is supportive and you are in a crisis, you can call a helpline like the National Suicide Hotline at 1-800-273-TALK.

Kitchen Timer — TokenPhoto/E+/Getty Images

The peak of most strong emotional reactions and the urges to engage in harmful activities last for a few minutes and then begin to subside. Grab an egg timer from the kitchen, and set it for 10 minutes. Wait for the 10 minutes and practice riding out the emotion.

5

Be Mindful

Japanese woman sitting in garden — Jed Share/Kaoru Share/Blend Images/Getty Images

Practice mindfulness of your emotions. Notice the emotion you are having and let yourself experience it as a wave without trying to block it, suppress it, or hold onto it. Try to accept the emotion for what it is. Try to stay in the moment so you do not carry the past emotions along with it.

Cropped Hand Of Person Holding Ice — Artem Varnitsin /EyeEm/Getty Images

When emotions seem to be taking you out of the current moment, such as you when you start to feel “zoned out”, do something to ground yourself. Grab an ice cube and hold it in your hand for a few moments or snap a rubber band against your wrist to bring yourself out of your negative thoughts.

Young woman arms outstretched on Gibsons steps beach, Australia — swissmediavision/E+/Getty Images

Breathing deeply is one of the simplest relaxation methods. Sit or lie somewhere quiet and bring your attention to your breathing. Breathe evenly, slowly and deeply. Watch your stomach rise and fall with each breath. This can help you stay grounded in the present.

If breathing deeply isn't enough to relax you, try another relaxation exercise like progressive muscle relaxation.

8

Pray

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Are you a religious or spiritual person? If you are or have considered attending religious ceremonies, praying and attending weekly congregations can be tremendously helpful in times of extreme stress.

9

Take a Warm Bath or Shower

Stressed man tries to relax in the bath — Andrew Bret Wallis/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images

Try to lose yourself in the sensations of the warm water or the smell of the soap. Allow the sensations to distract you from the situation you are upset about and focus on relaxing your muscles.

10

Help Someone Else

Mid adult female design professional giving shopping bag to customer at cash counter in studio — Maskot/Getty Images

Do something nice for someone else. It doesn't have to be something big; you can walk to the nearest store, buy a pack of gum and give the cashier a smile and say "have a great day." It may sound silly, but small gestures like this can really reduce emotional pain and connect you to the outside world.

How To Learn Healthier Coping Skills

Ready to learn some new, healthier ways of coping? One way to do this is by seeking treatment. Many psychological treatments for BPD, including cognitive behavioral treatments such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), focus on teaching healthier coping skills to manage strong emotions. There are online resource pages that can help you find a cognitive behavioral therapist or a DBT provider.

_Sources:

_{Linehan, MM. Skills Training Manual for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford: 1993.}

_{Chapman, AL, and Gratz, KL. "The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide." Oakland, CA: New Harbinger, November 2007.}

_{Linehan, MM. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford, 1993.}