Do You Dream Every Night?

We Dream Every Night

The brain is active all night long. Brain activity in the forebrain and midbrain is particularly intense during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is when we dream.

Adults and babies alike dream for around two hours per night, even if they don't remember it. In fact, researchers have found that people usually have several dreams each night, each typically lasting for five to 20 minutes.

We Forget Most of Our Dreams

We forget up to 95% of all dreams shortly after waking.

According to one theory about why dreams are so difficult to remember, changes in the brain during sleep don't support the information processing and storage needed to form memories.

We might also forget our dreams because of changes in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, specifically acetylcholine and norepinephrine, during REM sleep.

Yet another study found a link between dream recall and the brain matter density of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Participants with higher white matter density reported higher dream recall.

Not All Dreams Are in Color

Most people report dreaming in color, but roughly 12% of people claim to dream only in black and white.

In studies in which dreamers have been awakened and asked to select colors that match those in their dreams, people chose soft pastel colors most frequently.

People younger than 25 rarely report dreaming in black and white. However, people older than 55 report black and white dreams about 25% of the time. Researchers believe this difference results from childhood exposure to black-and-white television. This idea is supported by an older study, which found that people in the 1940s rarely reported dreaming in color.

Men and Women Dream Differently

Researchers have found differences between men and women in dream content.

In several studies, men reported dreaming about weapons significantly more often than women did, whereas women dreamed about clothing more often than men.

Another study showed that men's dreams tend to have more aggressive content and physical activity, whereas women's dreams contain more rejection and exclusion, as well as more conversation than physical activity.

Women tend to have slightly longer dreams with more characters. Men dream about other men twice as often as they do about women; women tend to dream about both sexes equally.

Animals Probably Dream

Many think that, when a sleeping dog wags its tail or a sleeping cat swats its paws, it's dreaming. Although no one can say for sure, researchers believe that most animals go through REM and non-REM sleep stages, so they probably do dream. 

You Can Control Your Dreams

A lucid dream is one in which you're aware that you're dreaming even though you're still asleep.

Lucid dreaming is thought to be a combination of consciousness and REM sleep, during which you can direct or control the dream content.

People can learn how to have lucid dreams using various techniques, including mnemonic induction of lucid dreams (MILD) and senses-initiated lucid dreams (SSILD). These involve waking up after five hours and repeating a phrase like "I will remember my dream," or focusing on the stimuli (sights, sounds, sensations) in your sleep environment, respectively.

Negative Dreams Are More Common

Researcher Calvin S. Hall, Ph.D., collected more than 50,000 dream accounts from college students over more than 40 years. Made available to the public in the 1990s by Hall's student, William Domhoff, the dream accounts reported many emotions during dreams.

Several factors affect the emotional content of dreams, including anxiety, stress, and certain medications. One study found that external stimuli, including good and bad smells, can play a role in positive and negative dreams.

Blind People May Dream Visually

In one study of people who have been blind since birth, they still seemed to experience visual imagery in their dreams, and they had eye movements that correlated to visual dream recall.

Although they had fewer eye movements during REM sleep than the sighted participants, the blind participants reported the same dream sensations, including visual content.

You're Paralyzed While Dreaming

REM sleep is characterized by paralysis of the voluntary muscles. This phenomenon is known as REM atonia and prevents you from acting out your dreams while you're asleep. Basically, because motor neurons are not stimulated, your body does not move.

Although the experience can be frightening, it's perfectly normal and should last only a few minutes before normal muscle control returns.

Some Dreams Are Universal

Although dreams are often influenced by personal experience, researchers have found that certain dream themes are common across cultures.

For example, people from all over the world frequently dream about being chased, being attacked, or falling. Other common dream experiences include feeling frozen and unable to move, arriving late, flying, and being naked in public.