Rates of Illicit Drug Abuse in the U.S.

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), a yearly interview of 67,500 persons sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, provides the most accurate estimates of drug, alcohol, and tobacco use in the general U.S. population.

According to the 2018 NSDUH findings, illicit drug use rates have increased, particularly due to a recent trend in increasing marijuana use and an increase in the abuse of prescription-type psychotherapeutic drugs.

In 2018, NSDUH respondents reported which drugs, if any, they had used in the 30 days prior to the interview. Based on those findings, the government estimates that:

• 31.9 million people aged 12 or older in the United States (11.7%) are "current users" of some kind of illicit drug.
• Just over 50% of respondents had used illegal drugs or done nonmedical use of prescription drugs in their lifetime.

Increase in Pain Reliever Misuse

According to The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the use of illicit drugs in general has increased since 2015. However, the past-month use of prescription-type pain relievers decreased by 3.6% of the population.

Of the 16.3 million who reported nonmedical use of at least one prescription drug, 9.9 million were using painkillers. However, these numbers are far higher than they were in 2002.

In 2002, only 4.1% of the population aged 18 to 25 reported misusing pain relievers, but that percentage jumped to 4.9% in 2006. Nonmedical use of tranquilizers also increased since 2002, from 1.6% to 2% for the same age group.

Marijuana Use Driving the Increase

Overall, the use of illicit drugs in the U.S. increased from 20.4 million people in 2007 to 24.6 million in 2013. However, not all illicit drugs saw an increase.

• Cocaine: The use of cocaine decreased significantly from an average of 2.4 million users in the years between 2002 and 2007 to an estimated 1.5 million users in 2015.
• Marijuana: The overall increase is mainly attributed to the increase in marijuana use from 14.5 million users in 2007 to 19.8 million in 2013.
• Meth: Methamphetamine use has seen a slight increase in use after an earlier decline. In 2007, an estimated 731,000 people used meth, but by 2007 that number had dropped to 353,000. By 2013, the survey estimated the number of meth users at 595,000.

First-Time Drug Users

According to SAMHSA estimates, 2.8 million people used drugs for the first time in 2013, an average of 7,800 new users per day. Of those new users, 54.1% were under 18 years of age.

Where Are People Getting Drugs?

According to the NSDUH survey, those who used pain relievers nonmedically in the past 12 months got them from the following sources:

• 55.7% were given them for free by a relative or friend.
• 19.1% procured them from one doctor.
• 3.9% got them from a stranger.
• 0.1% bought them online.

Of the people who said they got pain relievers from a relative or friend for free, 80.7% said the drugs had originally been obtained from just one doctor.

Illegal Drug Use and Employment

The results of the survey indicated that most illegal drug users (13.4 million) are employed. However, only 8.8% of full-time employees are drug users.

Other NSDUH findings indicated that:

• 9.4% of part-time employees are drug users.
• Of unemployed adults, 18.5% are illicit drug users.

Declines in Underage Drinking/Drunk Driving

Surveys also suggest that some prevalence rates have declined in recent years. The 2013 NSDUH survey found that underage drinking has declined as has driving under the influence.

Underage drinking declined from 28.8% to 22.7% since 2002. Around 10.2 million people drive under the influence of drugs, but drunk driving dropped from 14.2% to 10.9%.

Other key findings from the survey:

• Alcohol dependence dropped from 7.7% to 6.6%
• Binge drinkers included 30.2% of men and 16.0% of women
• Heavy drinkers included 9.5% of men and 3.3% of women
• Smokers declined to 21.3% from 26% in 2002
• Teen smokers dropped from 13% to 5.6%