Who Shouldn't Take Psychedelics

At this point, most of us have heard of psychedelics. From counter-culture scenes that glorified the use of psychedelics for artistic expression to the current rise of psychedelic-assisted therapy, this class of drugs is gaining steam.

There is increasing evidence that using psychedelics can benefit one’s overall mental health, which is beginning to destigmatize the use of these substances. Despite these advances, psychedelics are not a fit for everyone.

First, if you’re considering using psychedelics therapeutically, please seek out the support of a professional. All of the studies that celebrate the therapeutic effects of psychedelics only refer to treatment that is guided and monitored by a trained mental health professional.

There is always the risk of a bad reaction to psychedelics and rare but possible harm, but this risk is very low in the context of psychedelic-assisted therapy clinical trials due to the controlled nature of the trials. Several states have now legalized the use of psychedelics in therapeutic settings, so it is possible to receive this type of care, but people with certain mental health conditions might be more at risk for adverse reactions.

Who Is At Risk?

There are some circumstances where it is ill-advised to take psychedelics. Personal autonomy when making a decision regarding taking psychedelics is important. Knowing when it could be harmful to take psychedelics can support you in making an informed decision.

Regular Users

Those who use hallucinogens recreationally regularly are at an increased risk of long-term hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD). This disorder can lead to individuals continually experiencing the effects of the hallucinogen over a long period of time. Potentially permanent, HPPD can lead to vision and perception issues that can significantly alter one’s life.

Immunocompromised

The use of psychedelic drugs can lead to nausea and vomiting plus a spike in one's blood pressure, making them especially problematic for those who are immunocompromised or are living with pre-existing conditions. 

Pregnant People

There is minimal research on the effects of psychedelics on pregnant people. Since there is already a 3 to 5% chance of birth defects in every pregnancy, taking substances that have not been explicitly cleared for pregnant people is risky. That being said, there is developing research indicating psilocybin could be beneficial for postpartum depression.

Individuals With Pre-Existing Mental Health Conditions

Psychedelics can have profound therapeutic impacts on mental health conditions when taken under the close supervision of a trained professional. While it is rare, those ingesting psychedelics can experience psychosis as a result.

System-Impacted Individuals

Most psychedelics are criminalized, and utilizing them can lead to prosecution. For those who are system-impacted and have already experienced run-ins with the criminal justice system, being caught buying or utilizing psychedelics could only lead to further issues.

If you do have prior convictions and are interested in exploring psychedelics, be aware of the laws and limitations in your jurisdiction. Some states have begun to decriminalize the use of psychedelics, which can make usage much safer.

Folks Struggling With Substance Use

Those struggling with substance use may want to take extra care when considering psychedelics. Some psychedelics are used therapeutically for addiction but require strict protocol under professional supervision.

Why Do People Take Psychedelics?

There are different reasons why people choose to take psychedelics. Recreational use is often linked to the mind-altering effects these substances have. Some people may use psychedelics in an attempt to self-treat mental health problems. Some may be drawn to psychedelics to create art, a theme long documented through “psychedelic art."

Others may try psychedelic-assisted therapy to relieve a treatment-resistant mental health condition.

How Are Psychedelics Used Therapeutically?

Psychedelics are now being used as part of therapeutic programs for those experiencing issues finding an effective treatment. Typically, a clinician will provide the client with the substance in the session. Then, the client is invited to relax while listening to soothing music, noticing any thoughts and sensations that arise. The therapist is present the entire time, and the client is welcome to begin freely speaking and engaging in psychotherapy whenever they’d like.

Evidence has shown that:

• MDMA is successful in treating PTSD;
• Psilocybin is promising in treating cancer-related anxiety and depression; and
• Evidence for the therapeutic use of LSD for treatment-resistant conditions is still growing but has been promising thus far.

Just one ibogaine treatment has been clinically proven to decrease or end opioid use. In the case of ibogaine treatment, supervision is provided after the session for a few days to monitor food intake, exercise, and sleep. 

Are Psychedelics Addictive?

Psychedelics are generally not considered addictive. People do not become physically dependent on them. They also do not typically experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop using psychedelics.

This does not mean, however, that psychedelics have no addiction potential. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) notes that research has not fully determined whether MDMA might be addictive. Other research has found that some people do experience symptoms of ketamine withdrawal.

People can, however, develop a tolerance to some psychedelics. This means that larger doses are needed to achieve the same effects. Taking larger amounts of psychedelics can be risky since these substances' effects can be unpredictable.