Suicidal Thoughts in Children

Knowing youth suicide facts is especially important for parents of children with depression. For parents, suicidal thoughts and behaviors are one of the most alarming concerns of childhood depression. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), death by suicide is the second leading cause of death among 10- to 24-year-olds, and many more children attempt but do not complete suicide.

Suicide rates in America are the highest they've been in 50 years. According to the CDC, suicide rates were significantly higher in 2017 compared with 1999 among females ages 10 to 14 (1.7 and 0.5, respectively) and 15 to 24 (5.8 and 3.0) and males ages 10 to 14 (3.3 and 1.9, respectively) and 15 to 24 (22.7 and 16.8). In 2017, adolescents and young adults ages 15 to 24 had a suicide rate of 14.46.

A 2018 study published in the journal JAMA Pediatrics found that the suicide rate among Black children under 13 years is double the rate for white children in the same age group. This accounts for both girls and boys.

According to one study, suicidal thoughts are linked to a worse course of depression, the symptoms of which include earlier onset, longer duration, and shorter intervals of remission.

It's important to know that not all depressed children will have suicidal thoughts or behavior. In fact, it's one of the least common symptoms of childhood depression. Also, not all children with suicidal thoughts and behavior are depressed.

Perhaps most comforting to know, not all children who have suicidal thoughts will attempt suicide. However, it's a good predictor for future attempts, and these children always need to be evaluated by a professional.

Some important warning signs of suicidal behavior in children are:

• Reckless or risk-taking behavior (substance abuse, reckless driving, sexually promiscuity)
• Frequent statements or social media posts about self-harm or suicide, like "I wish I were dead"
• Preoccupation with death in conversation, writing, or drawing
• Withdrawal from friends and family
• Expressions of hopelessness about the future, like "You won't have to worry about me anymore"
• Giving away things of importance
• Declining interest in friends, activities, or hobbies previously enjoyed
• Aggressive or hostile behavior
• Sleep, appetite, or energy changes
• Anxiety or restlessness
• Neglecting personal appearance or grooming
• Running away from home
• A change in personality (from upbeat to quiet)
• Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt, or self-hatred

It's not always easy to detect the risk factors that may contribute to a child's risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. However, recognizing them and getting help can be life-saving. If you think that your child or someone you care about has some of these factors, consider setting up an appointment with a mental health professional for a suicide-risk assessment. If the adolescent is high risk, you may need to schedule these assessments on a regular basis.

• A family history of suicide, depression, or other mental illness
• Loss of a close family member, friend, or classmate by suicide or other sudden death
• Threats, bullying, or violence from peers
• History of physical or emotional abuse
• Previous history of depression or other mental health illness
• Previous suicide attempts

Here are some strategies to help your child if you think he or she is having suicidal thoughts:

• Be aware. While rare in young children, suicide is possible. Know the warning signs and risk factors that may increase your child's risk of suicide.
• Talk to your child. Talking about suicide will not give your child the idea to attempt suicide. If a friend or other loved one has died, committed suicide, or is extremely ill, talk to your child about it and address his or her feelings.
• Tell others. If your child exhibits suicidal thoughts or behaviors, tell his or her other caretakers and faculty members at school so they can closely monitor him or her when you're not around.
• Keep weapons locked up. Common sense tells you to keep weapons, medications, alcohol, and poisons safely away from children, but this is especially important for children at risk for suicide.
• Get your child treatment. If your child is depressed or at high risk for depression or another mental illness, it's essential to get him or her treatment.

It's better to be safe than sorry when it comes to your child's well-being. If you think that your child is in crisis and he or she has had a previous suicide attempt, is threatening to harm herself, or you just have a "gut feeling," get your child help immediately. Do not wait. If needed, take your child to a pediatric emergency room.

Having a child who is depressed or is suicidal does not make you a bad parent or mean that you did anything to cause her pain. The best thing you can do is to get your child help and support her in her recovery.

If they appear to be in a volatile state or in imminent danger of hurting themselves, call 911 and get them to the emergency room. Do not leave them alone. Remove anything in the house they can possibly use to hurt themselves.